# A Human-Computer Duet System for Music Performance

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.07816 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2009.07816/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 16 Sep 2020.

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Skeleton-based Action Recognition via Adaptive Cross-Form Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.15085/) (2022)
- [Dialogue in Resonance: An Interactive Music Piece for Piano and Real-Time Automatic Transcription System](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.16259/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Virtual musicians have become a remarkable phenomenon in the contemporary multimedia arts. However, most of the virtual musicians nowadays have not been endowed with abilities to create their own behaviors, or to perform music with human musicians. In this paper, we firstly create a virtual violinist, who can collaborate with a human pianist to perform chamber music automatically without any intervention. The system incorporates the techniques from various fields, including real-time music tracking, pose estimation, and body movement generation. In our system, the virtual musician's behavior is generated based on the given music audio alone, and such a system results in a low-cost, efficient and scalable way to produce human and virtual musicians' co-performance. The proposed system has been validated in public concerts. Objective quality assessment approaches and possible ways to systematically improve the system are also discussed.