# DeepSOCIAL: Social Distancing Monitoring and Infection Risk Assessment in COVID-19 Pandemic

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.11672 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.11672/

## Key facts

- Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 26 Aug 2020.

## Built on by (most cited first, 13 of 13)

- [An Automatic System to Monitor the Physical Distance and Face Mask Wearing of Construction Workers in COVID-19 Pandemic](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.01373/) (2021)
- [Unconstrained Face-Mask & Face-Hand Datasets: Building a Computer Vision System to Help Prevent the Transmission of COVID-19](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.08773/) (2021)
- [Traffic-Net: 3D Traffic Monitoring Using a Single Camera](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.09165/) (2021)
- [A Survey on Computer Vision based Human Analysis in the COVID-19 Era](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.03705/) (2022)
- [MilliTRACE-IR: Contact Tracing and Temperature Screening via mm-Wave and Infrared Sensing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.03979/) (2021)
- [Birds Eye View Social Distancing Analysis System](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.07159/) (2021)
- [Monitoring Social-distance in Wide Areas during Pandemics: a Density Map and Segmentation Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.03361/) (2021)
- [Curious Exploration and Return-based Memory Restoration for Deep Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.00499/) (2021)
- [Holistic Interpretation of Public Scenes Using Computer Vision and Temporal Graphs to Identify Social Distancing Violations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.06428/) (2021)
- [On the Complexity of Object Detection on Real-world Public Transportation Images for Social Distancing Measurement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.06639/) (2022)
- [Implementing a Real-Time, YOLOv5 based Social Distancing Measuring System for Covid-19](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.03350/) (2022)
- [Covy: An AI-powered Robot with a Compound Vision System for Detecting Breaches in Social Distancing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.06847/) (2022)
- [A Real-time Face Mask Detection and Social Distancing System for COVID-19 using Attention-InceptionV3 Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.05312/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Social distancing is a recommended solution by the World Health Organisation (WHO) to minimise the spread of COVID-19 in public places. The majority of governments and national health authorities have set the 2-meter physical distancing as a mandatory safety measure in shopping centres, schools and other covered areas. In this research, we develop a hybrid Computer Vision and YOLOv4-based Deep Neural Network model for automated people detection in the crowd in indoor and outdoor environments using common CCTV security cameras. The proposed DNN model in combination with an adapted inverse perspective mapping (IPM) technique and SORT tracking algorithm leads to a robust people detection and social distancing monitoring. The model has been trained against two most comprehensive datasets by the time of the research the Microsoft Common Objects in Context (MS COCO) and Google Open Image datasets. The system has been evaluated against the Oxford Town Centre dataset with superior performance compared to three state-of-the-art methods. The evaluation has been conducted in challenging conditions, including occlusion, partial visibility, and under lighting variations with the mean average precision of 99.8% and the real-time speed of 24.1 fps. We also provide an online infection risk assessment scheme by statistical analysis of the Spatio-temporal data from people's moving trajectories and the rate of social distancing violations. The developed model is a generic and accurate people detection and tracking solution that can be applied in many other fields such as autonomous vehicles, human action recognition, anomaly detection, sports, crowd analysis, or any other research areas where the human detection is in the centre of attention.