# Statistical Analysis of Downlink Zero-Forcing Beamforming

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.01875 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.01875/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 4 Aug 2020.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Handoff Design in User-Centric Cell-Free Massive MIMO Networks Using DRL](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.20966/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We analyze the mean and the variance of the useful signal and interference powers in a multi-cell network using zero-forcing beamforming (ZF-BF) with two beamformer normalization approaches. While the mean has been the main focus in earlier studies on ZF-BF, analysis of the variance has not been tackled. Our analysis provides a complete statistical study, sheds light on the importance of the variance by deriving closed-form expressions for the signals' two moments, and provides a practical use for these expressions; we use the gamma or lognormal distribution for the interference power to analytically calculate the outage.