# The ratio-cut polytope and K-means clustering

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.15225 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.15225/

## Key facts

- Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 26 Jun 2020.

## Built on by (most cited first, 7 of 7)

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- [Global Optimization for Cardinality-constrained Minimum Sum-of-Squares Clustering via Semidefinite Programming](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.08901/) (2022)
- [Sketch-and-solve approaches to k-means clustering by semidefinite programming](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.15744/) (2022)
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- [Exact and Heuristic Algorithms for Constrained Biclustering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.05493/) (2025)
- [BalLOT: Balanced k-means clustering with optimal transport](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.05926/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We introduce the ratio-cut polytope defined as the convex hull of ratio-cut vectors corresponding to all partitions of n points in mathbb Rm into at most K clusters. This polytope is closely related to the convex hull of the feasible region of a number of clustering problems such as K-means clustering and spectral clustering. We study the facial structure of the ratio-cut polytope and derive several types of facet-defining inequalities. We then consider the problem of K-means clustering and introduce a novel linear programming (LP) relaxation for it. Subsequently, we focus on the case of two clusters and derive sufficient conditions under which the proposed LP relaxation recovers the underlying clusters exactly. Namely, we consider the stochastic ball model, a popular generative model for K-means clustering, and we show that if the separation distance between cluster centers satisfies Delta > 1+√ 3, then the LP relaxation recovers the planted clusters with high probability. This is a major improvement over the only existing recovery guarantee for an LP relaxation of K-means clustering stating that recovery is possible with high probability if and only if Delta > 4. Our numerical experiments indicate that the proposed LP relaxation significantly outperforms a popular semidefinite programming relaxation in recovering the planted clusters.