# SEFR: A Fast Linear-Time Classifier for Ultra-Low Power Devices

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.04620 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.04620/

## Key facts

- Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 8 Jun 2020.

## Built on by (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [FEDZIP: A Compression Framework for Communication-Efficient Federated Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.01593/) (2021)
- [TinyProp -- Adaptive Sparse Backpropagation for Efficient TinyML On-device Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.09201/) (2023)
- [Advancing On-Device Neural Network Training with TinyPropv2: Dynamic, Sparse, and Efficient Backpropagation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.07109/) (2024)
- [LightDepth: A Resource Efficient Depth Estimation Approach for Dealing with Ground Truth Sparsity via Curriculum Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.08608/) (2022)
- [RockNet: Distributed Learning on Ultra-Low-Power Devices](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.13320/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

A fundamental challenge for running machine learning algorithms on battery-powered devices is the time and energy limitations, as these devices have constraints on resources. There are resource-efficient classifier algorithms that can run on these devices, but their accuracy is often sacrificed for resource efficiency. Here, we propose an ultra-low power classifier, SEFR, with linear time complexity, both in the training and the testing phases. SEFR is comparable to state-of-the-art classifiers in terms of classification accuracy, but it is 63 times faster and 70 times more energy efficient than the average of state-of-the-art and baseline classifiers on binary class datasets. The energy and memory consumption of SEFR is very insignificant, and it can even perform both train and test phases on microcontrollers. To our knowledge, this is the first multipurpose classification algorithm specifically designed to perform both training and testing on ultra-low power devices.