# Neural Contraction Metrics for Robust Estimation and Control: A Convex Optimization Approach

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.04361 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.04361/

## Key facts

- Cited by 23 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 8 Jun 2020.

## Built on by (most cited first, 23 of 23)

- [Contraction Theory for Nonlinear Stability Analysis and Learning-based Control: A Tutorial Overview](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.00675/) (2021)
- [Safe Output Feedback Motion Planning from Images via Learned Perception Modules and Contraction Theory](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.06553/) (2022)
- [SABLAS: Learning Safe Control for Black-box Dynamical Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.01918/) (2022)
- [Neural Contractive Dynamical Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.09352/) (2024)
- [Learning-based Robust Motion Planning with Guaranteed Stability: A Contraction Theory Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.12668/) (2021)
- [Model Error Propagation via Learned Contraction Metrics for Safe Feedback Motion Planning of Unknown Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.08695/) (2021)
- [Demonstration-Efficient Guided Policy Search via Imitation of Robust Tube MPC](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.09910/) (2021)
- [Joint Differentiable Optimization and Verification for Certified Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.12243/) (2022)
- [Statistical Safety and Robustness Guarantees for Feedback Motion Planning of Unknown Underactuated Stochastic Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.06874/) (2022)
- [A Theoretical Overview of Neural Contraction Metrics for Learning-based Control with Guaranteed Stability](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.00693/) (2021)
- [Two-Stage Learning of Stabilizing Neural Controllers via Zubov Sampling and Iterative Domain Expansion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.01356/) (2025)
- [Neural Contraction Metrics with Formal Guarantees for Discrete-Time Nonlinear Dynamical Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.17102/) (2025)
- [On the Optimality, Stability, and Feasibility of Control Barrier Functions: An Adaptive Learning-Based Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.03608/) (2023)
- [Certified Training with Branch-and-Bound for Lyapunov-stable Neural Control](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.18235/) (2024)
- [Gaussian Control Barrier Functions : A Non-Parametric Paradigm to Safety](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.15474/) (2022)
- [Learning-based Adaptive Control using Contraction Theory](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.02987/) (2021)
- [Extended Neural Contractive Dynamical Systems: On Multiple Tasks and Riemannian Safety Regions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.11405/) (2024)
- [Diffeomorphic Obstacle Avoidance for Contractive Dynamical Systems via Implicit Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.18860/) (2025)
- [ContractionPPO: Certified Reinforcement Learning via Differentiable Contraction Layers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.19632/) (2026)
- [Bridging Control with Neural Network Verifier alpha-beta-CROWN: A Tutorial](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.26577/) (2026)
- [Guaranteed Trajectory Tracking under Learned Dynamics with Contraction Metrics and Disturbance Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.08222/) (2021)
- [Distributionally Robust Control with End-to-End Statistically Guaranteed Metric Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.10214/) (2025)
- [Statistical Contraction for Chance-Constrained Trajectory Optimization of Non-Gaussian Stochastic Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.07092/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This paper presents a new deep learning-based framework for robust nonlinear estimation and control using the concept of a Neural Contraction Metric (NCM). The NCM uses a deep long short-term memory recurrent neural network for a global approximation of an optimal contraction metric, the existence of which is a necessary and sufficient condition for exponential stability of nonlinear systems. The optimality stems from the fact that the contraction metrics sampled offline are the solutions of a convex optimization problem to minimize an upper bound of the steady-state Euclidean distance between perturbed and unperturbed system trajectories. We demonstrate how to exploit NCMs to design an online optimal estimator and controller for nonlinear systems with bounded disturbances utilizing their duality. The performance of our framework is illustrated through Lorenz oscillator state estimation and spacecraft optimal motion planning problems.