# Temporal Knowledge Base Completion: New Algorithms and Evaluation Protocols

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.05035 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.05035/

## Key facts

- Cited by 30 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 2 May 2020.

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 30)

- [Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning Based on Evolutional Representation Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.10353/) (2021)
- [A Survey of Knowledge Graph Reasoning on Graph Types: Static, Dynamic, and Multimodal](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.05767/) (2022)
- [Question Answering Over Temporal Knowledge Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.01515/) (2021)
- [Search from History and Reason for Future: Two-stage Reasoning on Temporal Knowledge Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.00327/) (2021)
- [ChronoR: Rotation Based Temporal Knowledge Graph Embedding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.10379/) (2021)
- [TEILP: Time Prediction over Knowledge Graphs via Logical Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.15816/) (2023)
- [TILP: Differentiable Learning of Temporal Logical Rules on Knowledge Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.12309/) (2024)
- [Unsupervised Entity Alignment for Temporal Knowledge Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.00796/) (2023)
- [Multilingual Knowledge Graph Completion with Joint Relation and Entity Alignment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.08804/) (2021)
- [TwiRGCN: Temporally Weighted Graph Convolution for Question Answering over Temporal Knowledge Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.06281/) (2022)
- [On the Evolution of Knowledge Graphs: A Survey and Perspective](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.04835/) (2023)
- [Chain of History: Learning and Forecasting with LLMs for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.06072/) (2024)
- [A Unified Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning Model Towards Interpolation and Extrapolation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.18106/) (2024)
- [Transformer-based Reasoning for Learning Evolutionary Chain of Events on Temporal Knowledge Graph](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.00352/) (2024)
- [Meta-Learning Based Knowledge Extrapolation for Temporal Knowledge Graph](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.05640/) (2023)
- [Time in a Box: Advancing Knowledge Graph Completion with Temporal Scopes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.06854/) (2021)
- [Geometric Algebra based Embeddings for Static and Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.09464/) (2022)
- [NeuSTIP: A Novel Neuro-Symbolic Model for Link and Time Prediction in Temporal Knowledge Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.11301/) (2023)
- [History Repeats: Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting For Event-Centric Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.18675/) (2023)
- [Targeted Extraction of Temporal Facts from Textual Resources for Improved Temporal Question Answering over Knowledge Bases](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.11054/) (2022)
- [PaTeCon: A Pattern-Based Temporal Constraint Mining Method for Conflict Detection on Knowledge Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.09015/) (2023)
- [DynaSemble: Dynamic Ensembling of Textual and Structure-Based Models for Knowledge Graph Completion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.03780/) (2023)
- [Online Detection of Anomalies in Temporal Knowledge Graphs with Interpretability](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.00872/) (2024)
- [Factual Knowledge in Language Models: Robustness and Anomalies under Simple Temporal Context Variations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.01220/) (2025)
- [Leveraging Pre-trained Language Models for Time Interval Prediction in Text-Enhanced Temporal Knowledge Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.16357/) (2023)
- [Conflict Detection for Temporal Knowledge Graphs:A Fast Constraint Mining Algorithm and New Benchmarks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.11053/) (2023)
- [Towards Pattern-aware Data Augmentation for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.00252/) (2024)
- [Towards Improving Long-Tail Entity Predictions in Temporal Knowledge Graphs through Global Similarity and Weighted Sampling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.18977/) (2025)
- [Strikingness-Aware Evaluation for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.13153/) (2026)
- [SABET-QA: Temporal Knowledge Graph Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.20083/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Temporal knowledge bases associate relational (s,r,o) triples with a set of times (or a single time instant) when the relation is valid. While time-agnostic KB completion (KBC) has witnessed significant research, temporal KB completion (TKBC) is in its early days. In this paper, we consider predicting missing entities (link prediction) and missing time intervals (time prediction) as joint TKBC tasks where entities, relations, and time are all embedded in a uniform, compatible space. We present TIMEPLEX, a novel time-aware KBC method, that also automatically exploits the recurrent nature of some relations and temporal interactions between pairs of relations. TIMEPLEX achieves state-of-the-art performance on both prediction tasks. We also find that existing TKBC models heavily overestimate link prediction performance due to imperfect evaluation mechanisms. In response, we propose improved TKBC evaluation protocols for both link and time prediction tasks, dealing with subtle issues that arise from the partial overlap of time intervals in gold instances and system predictions.