# GoEmotions: A Dataset of Fine-Grained Emotions

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.00547 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.00547/

## Key facts

- Cited by 486 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 1 May 2020.

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 486)

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## Abstract (arXiv)

Understanding emotion expressed in language has a wide range of applications, from building empathetic chatbots to detecting harmful online behavior. Advancement in this area can be improved using large-scale datasets with a fine-grained typology, adaptable to multiple downstream tasks. We introduce GoEmotions, the largest manually annotated dataset of 58k English Reddit comments, labeled for 27 emotion categories or Neutral. We demonstrate the high quality of the annotations via Principal Preserved Component Analysis. We conduct transfer learning experiments with existing emotion benchmarks to show that our dataset generalizes well to other domains and different emotion taxonomies. Our BERT-based model achieves an average F1-score of .46 across our proposed taxonomy, leaving much room for improvement.