# How Does NLP Benefit Legal System: A Summary of Legal Artificial Intelligence

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.12158 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.12158/

## Key facts

- Cited by 129 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 25 Apr 2020.

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 129)

- [LexGLUE: A Benchmark Dataset for Legal Language Understanding in English](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.00976/) (2021)
- [CUAD: An Expert-Annotated NLP Dataset for Legal Contract Review](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.06268/) (2021)
- [When Does Pretraining Help? Assessing Self-Supervised Learning for Law and the CaseHOLD Dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.08671/) (2021)
- [Large Language Models in Law: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.03718/) (2023)
- [DISC-LawLLM: Fine-tuning Large Language Models for Intelligent Legal Services](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.11325/) (2023)
- [Lawformer: A Pre-trained Language Model for Chinese Legal Long Documents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.03887/) (2021)
- [MultiEURLEX -- A multi-lingual and multi-label legal document classification dataset for zero-shot cross-lingual transfer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.00904/) (2021)
- [Turn the Combination Lock: Learnable Textual Backdoor Attacks via Word Substitution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.06361/) (2021)
- [Paragraph-level Rationale Extraction through Regularization: A case study on European Court of Human Rights Cases](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.13084/) (2021)
- [LEXTREME: A Multi-Lingual and Multi-Task Benchmark for the Legal Domain](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.13126/) (2023)
- [Swiss-Judgment-Prediction: A Multilingual Legal Judgment Prediction Benchmark](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.00806/) (2021)
- [Precedent-Enhanced Legal Judgment Prediction with LLM and Domain-Model Collaboration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.09241/) (2023)
- [A Survey on Legal Judgment Prediction: Datasets, Metrics, Models and Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.04859/) (2022)
- [FairLex: A Multilingual Benchmark for Evaluating Fairness in Legal Text Processing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.07228/) (2022)
- [Natural Language Processing for the Legal Domain: A Survey of Tasks, Datasets, Models, and Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.21306/) (2024)
- [AgentsCourt: Building Judicial Decision-Making Agents with Court Debate Simulation and Legal Knowledge Augmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.02959/) (2024)
- [Pre-trained Language Models for the Legal Domain: A Case Study on Indian Law](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.06049/) (2022)
- [Natural Language Processing in the Legal Domain](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.12039/) (2023)
- [LawLLM: Law Large Language Model for the US Legal System](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.21065/) (2024)
- [LEVEN: A Large-Scale Chinese Legal Event Detection Dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.08556/) (2022)
- [KnowGPT: Knowledge Graph based Prompting for Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.06185/) (2023)
- [Facing the Elephant in the Room: Visual Prompt Tuning or Full Finetuning?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.12902/) (2024)
- [A Comprehensive Evaluation of Large Language Models on Legal Judgment Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.11761/) (2023)
- [Federated Large Language Models: Current Progress and Future Directions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.15723/) (2024)
- [On the Ethical Limits of Natural Language Processing on Legal Text](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.02751/) (2021)
- [Named Entity Recognition in Indian court judgments](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.03442/) (2022)
- [Multi-granular Legal Topic Classification on Greek Legislation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.15298/) (2021)
- [AutoLAW: Augmented Legal Reasoning through Legal Precedent Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.16034/) (2021)
- [The Cambridge Law Corpus: A Dataset for Legal AI Research](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.12269/) (2023)
- [Dependency Learning for Legal Judgment Prediction with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.06370/) (2021)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Legal Artificial Intelligence (LegalAI) focuses on applying the technology of artificial intelligence, especially natural language processing, to benefit tasks in the legal domain. In recent years, LegalAI has drawn increasing attention rapidly from both AI researchers and legal professionals, as LegalAI is beneficial to the legal system for liberating legal professionals from a maze of paperwork. Legal professionals often think about how to solve tasks from rule-based and symbol-based methods, while NLP researchers concentrate more on data-driven and embedding methods. In this paper, we introduce the history, the current state, and the future directions of research in LegalAI. We illustrate the tasks from the perspectives of legal professionals and NLP researchers and show several representative applications in LegalAI. We conduct experiments and provide an in-depth analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of existing works to explore possible future directions. You can find the implementation of our work from https://github.com/thunlp/CLAIM.