# Universal Dependencies v2: An Evergrowing Multilingual Treebank Collection

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.10643 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.10643/

## Key facts

- Cited by 271 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 22 Apr 2020.

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 271)

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- [Universalizing Weak Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.03865/) (2021)
- [Universal NER: A Gold-Standard Multilingual Named Entity Recognition Benchmark](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.09122/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Universal Dependencies is an open community effort to create cross-linguistically consistent treebank annotation for many languages within a dependency-based lexicalist framework. The annotation consists in a linguistically motivated word segmentation; a morphological layer comprising lemmas, universal part-of-speech tags, and standardized morphological features; and a syntactic layer focusing on syntactic relations between predicates, arguments and modifiers. In this paper, we describe version 2 of the guidelines (UD v2), discuss the major changes from UD v1 to UD v2, and give an overview of the currently available treebanks for 90 languages.