# An agent-based model of multi-dimensional opinion dynamics and opinion alignment

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.05929 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.05929/

## Key facts

- Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 12 Mar 2020.

## Built on by (most cited first, 6 of 6)

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- [Neural Lagrangian Schr"odinger Bridge: Diffusion Modeling for Population Dynamics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.04853/) (2022)
- [Predicting Opinion Dynamics via Sociologically-Informed Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.03990/) (2022)
- [HOTA: Hamiltonian framework for Optimal Transport Advection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.17513/) (2025)
- [Deep Generalized Schr"odinger Bridges: From Image Generation to Solving Mean-Field Games](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.20279/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

It is known that individual opinions on different policy issues often align to a dominant ideological dimension (e.g. "left" vs. "right") and become increasingly polarized. We provide an agent-based model that reproduces these two stylized facts as emergent properties of an opinion dynamics in a multi-dimensional space of continuous opinions. The mechanisms for the change of agents' opinions in this multi-dimensional space are derived from cognitive dissonance theory and structural balance theory. We test assumptions from proximity voting and from directional voting regarding their ability to reproduce the expected emerging properties. We further study how the emotional involvement of agents, i.e. their individual resistance to change opinions, impacts the dynamics. We identify two regimes for the global and the individual alignment of opinions. If the affective involvement is high and shows a large variance across agents, this fosters the emergence of a dominant ideological dimension. Agents align their opinions along this dimension in opposite directions, i.e. create a state of polarization.