# Image Restoration for Under-Display Camera

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.04857 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.04857/

## Key facts

- Cited by 47 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 10 Mar 2020.

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 47)

- [AutoDIR: Automatic All-in-One Image Restoration with Latent Diffusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.10123/) (2023)
- [Selective Hourglass Mapping for Universal Image Restoration Based on Diffusion Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.11157/) (2024)
- [Perceive-IR: Learning to Perceive Degradation Better for All-in-One Image Restoration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.15994/) (2024)
- [An Intelligent Agentic System for Complex Image Restoration Problems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.17809/) (2024)
- [UniRestore: Unified Perceptual and Task-Oriented Image Restoration Model Using Diffusion Prior](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.13134/) (2025)
- [FoundIR: Unleashing Million-scale Training Data to Advance Foundation Models for Image Restoration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.01427/) (2024)
- [Removing Diffraction Image Artifacts in Under-Display Camera via Dynamic Skip Connection Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.09556/) (2021)
- [PixWizard: Versatile Image-to-Image Visual Assistant with Open-Language Instructions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.15278/) (2024)
- [Multi-Agent Image Restoration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.09403/) (2025)
- [Motion-adaptive Separable Collaborative Filters for Blind Motion Deblurring](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.13153/) (2024)
- [Perceptual Image Enhancement for Smartphone Real-Time Applications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.13552/) (2022)
- [LoRA-IR: Taming Low-Rank Experts for Efficient All-in-One Image Restoration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.15385/) (2024)
- [Generating Aligned Pseudo-Supervision from Non-Aligned Data for Image Restoration in Under-Display Camera](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.06019/) (2023)
- [RestoreVAR: Visual Autoregressive Generation for All-in-One Image Restoration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.18047/) (2025)
- [Residual Diffusion Bridge Model for Image Restoration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.23116/) (2025)
- [MIPI 2022 Challenge on Under-Display Camera Image Restoration: Methods and Results](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.07052/) (2022)
- [UniRestorer: Universal Image Restoration via Adaptively Estimating Image Degradation at Proper Granularity](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.20157/) (2024)
- [Under-Display Camera Image Restoration with Scattering Effect](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.04163/) (2023)
- [UDC-UNet: Under-Display Camera Image Restoration via U-Shape Dynamic Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.01809/) (2022)
- [Gradient as Conditions: Rethinking HOG for All-in-one Image Restoration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.09377/) (2025)
- [RGB Guided ToF Imaging System: A Survey of Deep Learning-based Methods](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.10357/) (2024)
- [Efficient Degradation-agnostic Image Restoration via Channel-Wise Functional Decomposition and Manifold Regularization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.18679/) (2025)
- [Modular Degradation Simulation and Restoration for Under-Display Camera](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.11455/) (2022)
- [Real-Time Under-Display Cameras Image Restoration and HDR on Mobile Devices](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.14040/) (2022)
- [Blind Face Restoration for Under-Display Camera via Dictionary Guided Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.10196/) (2023)
- [Decoupling Degradations with Recurrent Network for Video Restoration in Under-Display Camera](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.05660/) (2024)
- [Explanatory Instructions: Towards Unified Vision Tasks Understanding and Zero-shot Generalization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.18525/) (2024)
- [Keypoint Detection and Description for Raw Bayer Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.08673/) (2025)
- [TPGDiff: Hierarchical Triple-Prior Guided Diffusion for Image Restoration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.20306/) (2026)
- [Self-Evolving Agentic Image Restoration via Deliberate Planning and Intuitive Execution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.28971/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The new trend of full-screen devices encourages us to position a camera behind a screen. Removing the bezel and centralizing the camera under the screen brings larger display-to-body ratio and enhances eye contact in video chat, but also causes image degradation. In this paper, we focus on a newly-defined Under-Display Camera (UDC), as a novel real-world single image restoration problem. First, we take a 4k Transparent OLED (T-OLED) and a phone Pentile OLED (P-OLED) and analyze their optical systems to understand the degradation. Second, we design a Monitor-Camera Imaging System (MCIS) for easier real pair data acquisition, and a model-based data synthesizing pipeline to generate Point Spread Function (PSF) and UDC data only from display pattern and camera measurements. Finally, we resolve the complicated degradation using deconvolution-based pipeline and learning-based methods. Our model demonstrates a real-time high-quality restoration. The presented methods and results reveal the promising research values and directions of UDC.