# FOAL: Fast Online Adaptive Learning for Cardiac Motion Estimation

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.04492 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.04492/

## Key facts

- Cited by 21 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 10 Mar 2020.

## Built on by (most cited first, 21 of 21)

- [Recurrent Mask Refinement for Few-Shot Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.00622/) (2021)
- [A survey on deep learning in medical image registration: new technologies, uncertainty, evaluation metrics, and beyond](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.15615/) (2023)
- [Disentangling Architecture and Training for Optical Flow](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.10712/) (2022)
- [DeepTag: An Unsupervised Deep Learning Method for Motion Tracking on Cardiac Tagging Magnetic Resonance Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.02772/) (2021)
- [Self-Sampling Meta SAM: Enhancing Few-shot Medical Image Segmentation with Meta-Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.16466/) (2023)
- [MulViMotion: Shape-aware 3D Myocardial Motion Tracking from Multi-View Cardiac MRI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.00034/) (2022)
- [Stage-Aware Feature Alignment Network for Real-Time Semantic Segmentation of Street Scenes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.04031/) (2022)
- [4D Myocardium Reconstruction with Decoupled Motion and Shape Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.14083/) (2023)
- [One to Many: Adaptive Instrument Segmentation via Meta Learning and Dynamic Online Adaptation in Robotic Surgical Video](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.12988/) (2021)
- [DeepMesh: Mesh-based Cardiac Motion Tracking using Deep Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.14306/) (2023)
- [Prototype Correlation Matching and Class-Relation Reasoning for Few-Shot Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.05054/) (2024)
- [Unsupervised Landmark Detection Based Spatiotemporal Motion Estimation for 4D Dynamic Medical Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.14805/) (2021)
- [Mesh-based 3D Motion Tracking in Cardiac MRI using Deep Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.02004/) (2022)
- [CUTS: A Deep Learning and Topological Framework for Multigranular Unsupervised Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.11359/) (2022)
- [Continuous 3D Myocardial Motion Tracking via Echocardiography](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.02792/) (2023)
- [Bidirectional Recurrence for Cardiac Motion Tracking with Gaussian Process Latent Coding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.20752/) (2024)
- [Exemplar Learning for Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.01713/) (2022)
- [Assessment of Left Atrium Motion Deformation Through Full Cardiac Cycle](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.17518/) (2024)
- [High-Resolution Maps of Left Atrial Displacements and Strains Estimated with 3D Cine MRI using Online Learning Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.09387/) (2023)
- [Dyna3DGR: 4D Cardiac Motion Tracking with Dynamic 3D Gaussian Representation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.16608/) (2025)
- [Convolutional module for heart localization and segmentation in MRI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.09134/) (2021)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Motion estimation of cardiac MRI videos is crucial for the evaluation of human heart anatomy and function. Recent researches show promising results with deep learning-based methods. In clinical deployment, however, they suffer dramatic performance drops due to mismatched distributions between training and testing datasets, commonly encountered in the clinical environment. On the other hand, it is arguably impossible to collect all representative datasets and to train a universal tracker before deployment. In this context, we proposed a novel fast online adaptive learning (FOAL) framework: an online gradient descent based optimizer that is optimized by a meta-learner. The meta-learner enables the online optimizer to perform a fast and robust adaptation. We evaluated our method through extensive experiments on two public clinical datasets. The results showed the superior performance of FOAL in accuracy compared to the offline-trained tracking method. On average, the FOAL took only 0.4 second per video for online optimization.