# Holistically-Attracted Wireframe Parsing

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.01663 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.01663/

## Key facts

- Cited by 64 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 3 Mar 2020.

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 64)

- [Line Segment Detection Using Transformers without Edges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.01909/) (2021)
- [GlueStick: Robust Image Matching by Sticking Points and Lines Together](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.02008/) (2023)
- [DeepLSD: Line Segment Detection and Refinement with Deep Image Gradients](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.07766/) (2022)
- [Connecting the Dots: Floorplan Reconstruction Using Two-Level Queries](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.15658/) (2022)
- [SOLD2: Self-supervised Occlusion-aware Line Description and Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.03362/) (2021)
- [3D Line Mapping Revisited](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.17504/) (2023)
- [Img2CAD: Conditioned 3D CAD Model Generation from Single Image with Structured Visual Geometry](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.03417/) (2024)
- [PC2WF: 3D Wireframe Reconstruction from Raw Point Clouds](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.02766/) (2021)
- [Towards Light-weight and Real-time Line Segment Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.00186/) (2021)
- [PlaneTR: Structure-Guided Transformers for 3D Plane Recovery](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.13108/) (2021)
- [Robust Incremental Structure-from-Motion with Hybrid Features](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.19811/) (2024)
- [HEAT: Holistic Edge Attention Transformer for Structured Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.15143/) (2021)
- [Holistically-Attracted Wireframe Parsing: From Supervised to Self-Supervised Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.12971/) (2022)
- [Learning a Sketch Tensor Space for Image Inpainting of Man-made Scenes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.15087/) (2021)
- [Fully Convolutional Line Parsing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.11207/) (2021)
- [ELSED: Enhanced Line SEgment Drawing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.03144/) (2021)
- [ZITS++: Image Inpainting by Improving the Incremental Transformer on Structural Priors](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.05950/) (2022)
- [ELSD: Efficient Line Segment Detector and Descriptor](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.14205/) (2021)
- [Pose Refinement with Joint Optimization of Visual Points and Lines](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.03940/) (2021)
- [HoW-3D: Holistic 3D Wireframe Perception from a Single Image](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.06999/) (2022)
- [NEAT: Distilling 3D Wireframes from Neural Attraction Fields](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.10206/) (2023)
- [FrontierNet: Learning Visual Cues to Explore](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.04597/) (2025)
- [LSDNet: Trainable Modification of LSD Algorithm for Real-Time Line Segment Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.04642/) (2022)
- [Learning to Construct 3D Building Wireframes from 3D Line Clouds](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.11948/) (2022)
- [PolyRoom: Room-aware Transformer for Floorplan Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.10439/) (2024)
- [PLGAN: Generative Adversarial Networks for Power-Line Segmentation in Aerial Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.07243/) (2022)
- [Detecting Line Segments in Motion-blurred Images with Events](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.07365/) (2022)
- [A Comprehensive Review of Image Line Segment Detection and Description: Taxonomies, Comparisons, and Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.00264/) (2023)
- [Polygon Detection for Room Layout Estimation using Heterogeneous Graphs and Wireframes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.12203/) (2023)
- [RoIPoly: Vectorized Building Outline Extraction Using Vertex and Logit Embeddings](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.14920/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This paper presents a fast and parsimonious parsing method to accurately and robustly detect a vectorized wireframe in an input image with a single forward pass. The proposed method is end-to-end trainable, consisting of three components: (i) line segment and junction proposal generation, (ii) line segment and junction matching, and (iii) line segment and junction verification. For computing line segment proposals, a novel exact dual representation is proposed which exploits a parsimonious geometric reparameterization for line segments and forms a holistic 4-dimensional attraction field map for an input image. Junctions can be treated as the "basins" in the attraction field. The proposed method is thus called Holistically-Attracted Wireframe Parser (HAWP). In experiments, the proposed method is tested on two benchmarks, the Wireframe dataset, and the YorkUrban dataset. On both benchmarks, it obtains state-of-the-art performance in terms of accuracy and efficiency. For example, on the Wireframe dataset, compared to the previous state-of-the-art method L-CNN, it improves the challenging mean structural average precision (msAP) by a large margin (2.8% absolute improvements) and achieves 29.5 FPS on single GPU (89% relative improvement). A systematic ablation study is performed to further justify the proposed method.