# Resources for Turkish Dependency Parsing: Introducing the BOUN Treebank and the BoAT Annotation Tool

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.10416 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.10416/

## Key facts

- Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 24 Feb 2020.

## Built on by (most cited first, 7 of 7)

- [TurBLiMP: A Turkish Benchmark of Linguistic Minimal Pairs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.13487/) (2025)
- [Resources for Turkish Natural Language Processing: A critical survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.05042/) (2022)
- [Dependency Annotation of Ottoman Turkish with Multilingual BERT](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.14743/) (2024)
- [Enhancements to the BOUN Treebank Reflecting the Agglutinative Nature of Turkish](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.11782/) (2022)
- [A Comprehensive Analysis of Static Word Embeddings for Turkish](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.07778/) (2024)
- [BoAT v2 -- A Web-Based Dependency Annotation Tool with Focus on Agglutinative Languages](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.01327/) (2022)
- [Building Foundations for Natural Language Processing of Historical Turkish: Resources and Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.04828/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we introduce the resources that we developed for Turkish dependency parsing, which include a novel manually annotated treebank (BOUN Treebank), along with the guidelines we adopted, and a new annotation tool (BoAT). The manual annotation process we employed was shaped and implemented by a team of four linguists and five Natural Language Processing (NLP) specialists. Decisions regarding the annotation of the BOUN Treebank were made in line with the Universal Dependencies (UD) framework as well as our recent efforts for unifying the Turkish UD treebanks through manual re-annotation. To the best of our knowledge, BOUN Treebank is the largest Turkish treebank. It contains a total of 9,761 sentences from various topics including biographical texts, national newspapers, instructional texts, popular culture articles, and essays. In addition, we report the parsing results of a state-of-the-art dependency parser obtained over the BOUN Treebank as well as two other treebanks in Turkish. Our results demonstrate that the unification of the Turkish annotation scheme and the introduction of a more comprehensive treebank lead to improved performance with regard to dependency parsing.