# Extreme URLLC: Vision, Challenges, and Key Enablers

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.09683 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2001.09683/

## Key facts

- Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 27 Jan 2020.

## Built on by (most cited first, 7 of 7)

- [Generative Joint Source-Channel Coding for Semantic Image Transmission](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.13772/) (2022)
- [Attention-based Reinforcement Learning for Real-Time UAV Semantic Communication](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.10716/) (2021)
- [AI and 6G into the Metaverse: Fundamentals, Challenges and Future Research Trends](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.10921/) (2022)
- [Federated Learning for 6G: Paradigms, Taxonomy, Recent Advances and Insights](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.04688/) (2023)
- [Split Learning Meets Koopman Theory for Wireless Remote Monitoring and Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.08109/) (2021)
- [Robust Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces via Invariant Risk and Causal Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.01771/) (2021)
- [Task-Oriented Real-time Visual Inference for IoVT Systems: A Co-design Framework of Neural Networks and Edge Deployment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.00838/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Notwithstanding the significant traction gained by ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) in both academia and 3GPP standardization, fundamentals of URLLC remain elusive. Meanwhile, new immersive and high-stake control applications with much stricter reliability, latency and scalability requirements are posing unprecedented challenges in terms of system design and algorithmic solutions. This article aspires at providing a fresh and in-depth look into URLLC by first examining the limitations of 5G URLLC, and putting forward key research directions for the next generation of URLLC, coined eXtreme ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (xURLLC). xURLLC is underpinned by three core concepts: (1) it leverages recent advances in machine learning (ML) for faster and reliable data-driven predictions; (2) it fuses both radio frequency (RF) and non-RF modalities for modeling and combating rare events without sacrificing spectral efficiency; and (3) it underscores the much needed joint communication and control co-design, as opposed to the communication-centric 5G URLLC. The intent of this article is to spearhead beyond-5G/6G mission-critical applications by laying out a holistic vision of xURLLC, its research challenges and enabling technologies, while providing key insights grounded in selected use cases.