# "How over is it?" Understanding the Incel Community on YouTube

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.08293 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2001.08293/

## Key facts

- Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 22 Jan 2020.

## Built on by (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Human-AI Coevolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.13723/) (2023)
- [The Monetisation of Toxicity: Analysing YouTube Content Creators and Controversy-Driven Engagement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.00534/) (2024)
- [A Holistic Indicator of Polarization to Measure Online Sexism](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.02205/) (2024)
- [Beyond Binary Classification: Detecting Fine-Grained Sexism in Social Media Videos](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.15757/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

YouTube is by far the largest host of user-generated video content worldwide. Alas, the platform has also come under fire for hosting inappropriate, toxic, and hateful content. One community that has often been linked to sharing and publishing hateful and misogynistic content are the Involuntary Celibates (Incels), a loosely defined movement ostensibly focusing on men's issues. In this paper, we set out to analyze the Incel community on YouTube by focusing on this community's evolution over the last decade and understanding whether YouTube's recommendation algorithm steers users towards Incel-related videos. We collect videos shared on Incel communities within Reddit and perform a data-driven characterization of the content posted on YouTube. Among other things, we find that the Incel community on YouTube is getting traction and that, during the last decade, the number of Incel-related videos and comments rose substantially. We also find that users have a 6.3% chance of being suggested an Incel-related video by YouTube's recommendation algorithm within five hops when starting from a non Incel-related video. Overall, our findings paint an alarming picture of online radicalization: not only Incel activity is increasing over time, but platforms may also play an active role in steering users towards such extreme content.