# Large-Scale Noun Compound Interpretation Using Bootstrapping and the Web as a Corpus

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.12085 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.12085/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 27 Nov 2019.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [From chocolate bunny to chocolate crocodile: Do Language Models Understand Noun Compounds?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.10568/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Responding to the need for semantic lexical resources in natural language processing applications, we examine methods to acquire noun compounds (NCs), e.g., "orange juice", together with suitable fine-grained semantic interpretations, e.g., "squeezed from", which are directly usable as paraphrases. We employ bootstrapping and web statistics, and utilize the relationship between NCs and paraphrasing patterns to jointly extract NCs and such patterns in multiple alternating iterations. In evaluation, we found that having one compound noun fixed yields both a higher number of semantically interpreted NCs and improved accuracy due to stronger semantic restrictions.