# Disentangle, align and fuse for multimodal and semi-supervised image segmentation

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.04417 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.04417/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 11 Nov 2019.

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [Representation Disentanglement for Multi-modal brain MR Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.11456/) (2021)
- [AnyStar: Domain randomized universal star-convex 3D instance segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.07044/) (2023)
- [Multi-Modality Cardiac Image Analysis with Deep Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.04736/) (2021)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Magnetic resonance (MR) protocols rely on several sequences to assess pathology and organ status properly. Despite advances in image analysis, we tend to treat each sequence, here termed modality, in isolation. Taking advantage of the common information shared between modalities (an organ's anatomy) is beneficial for multi-modality processing and learning. However, we must overcome inherent anatomical misregistrations and disparities in signal intensity across the modalities to obtain this benefit. We present a method that offers improved segmentation accuracy of the modality of interest (over a single input model), by learning to leverage information present in other modalities, even if few (semi-supervised) or no (unsupervised) annotations are available for this specific modality. Core to our method is learning a disentangled decomposition into anatomical and imaging factors. Shared anatomical factors from the different inputs are jointly processed and fused to extract more accurate segmentation masks. Image misregistrations are corrected with a Spatial Transformer Network, which non-linearly aligns the anatomical factors. The imaging factor captures signal intensity characteristics across different modality data and is used for image reconstruction, enabling semi-supervised learning. Temporal and slice pairing between inputs are learned dynamically. We demonstrate applications in Late Gadolinium Enhanced (LGE) and Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) cardiac segmentation, as well as in T2 abdominal segmentation. Code is available at https://github.com/vios-s/multimodal_segmentation.