# On the convergence of projective-simulation-based reinforcement learning in Markov decision processes

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.11914 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.11914/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 25 Oct 2019.

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [A Survey on Quantum Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.03464/) (2022)
- [Optimal foraging strategies can be learned](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.06050/) (2023)
- [Multi-Excitation Projective Simulation with a Many-Body Physics Inspired Inductive Bias](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.10192/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

In recent years, the interest in leveraging quantum effects for enhancing machine learning tasks has significantly increased. Many algorithms speeding up supervised and unsupervised learning were established. The first framework in which ways to exploit quantum resources specifically for the broader context of reinforcement learning were found is projective simulation. Projective simulation presents an agent-based reinforcement learning approach designed in a manner which may support quantum walk-based speed-ups. Although classical variants of projective simulation have been benchmarked against common reinforcement learning algorithms, very few formal theoretical analyses have been provided for its performance in standard learning scenarios. In this paper, we provide a detailed formal discussion of the properties of this model. Specifically, we prove that one version of the projective simulation model, understood as a reinforcement learning approach, converges to optimal behavior in a large class of Markov decision processes. This proof shows that a physically-inspired approach to reinforcement learning can guarantee to converge.