# Channel Estimation for Extremely Large-Scale Massive MIMO Systems

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.05432 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.05432/

## Key facts

- Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 11 Oct 2019.

## Built on by (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [RadioDiff-3D: A 3D×3D Radio Map Dataset and Generative Diffusion Based Benchmark for 6G Environment-Aware Communication](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.12166/) (2025)
- [RadioDiff-Flux: Efficient Radio Map Construction via Generative Denoise Diffusion Model Trajectory Midpoint Reuse](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.02790/) (2026)
- [Hybrid Far- and Near-Field Channel Estimation for THz Ultra-Massive MIMO via Fixed Point Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.04944/) (2022)
- [Near-Field Channel Estimation for Extremely Large-Scale Array Communications: A model-based deep learning approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.15440/) (2022)
- [Recurrent Transformer-Based Near- and Far-Field THz Wideband Channel Estimation for UM-MIMO](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.12578/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Extremely large-scale massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has shown considerable potential in future mobile communications. However, the use of extremely large aperture arrays has led to near-field and spatial non-stationary channel conditions, which result in changes to transceiver design and channel state information that should be acquired. This letter focuses on the channel estimation problem and describes the non-stationary channel through mapping between subarrays and scatterers. We propose subarray-wise and scatterer-wise channel estimation methods to estimate the near-field non-stationary channel from the view of subarray and scatterer, respectively. Numerical results demonstrate that subarray-wise method can derive accurate channel estimation results with low complexity, whereas the scatterer-wise method can accurately position the scatterers and identify almost all the mappings between subarrays and scatterers.