# Intelligent Traffic Monitoring Systems for Vehicle Classification: A Survey

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.04656 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.04656/

## Key facts

- Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 10 Oct 2019.

## Built on by (most cited first, 10 of 10)

- [Deep Learning Serves Traffic Safety Analysis: A Forward-looking Review](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.10939/) (2022)
- [FedTune: Automatic Tuning of Federated Learning Hyper-Parameters from System Perspective](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.03061/) (2021)
- [DISCount: Counting in Large Image Collections with Detector-Based Importance Sampling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.03151/) (2023)
- [An approach to improving sound-based vehicle speed estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.05082/) (2022)
- [Mel-spectrogram features for acoustic vehicle detection and speed estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.04013/) (2022)
- [A dataset for audio-video based vehicle speed estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.01651/) (2022)
- [Trajectory Poisson multi-Bernoulli mixture filter for traffic monitoring using a drone](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.16890/) (2023)
- [Federated Learning Hyper-Parameter Tuning from a System Perspective](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.13656/) (2022)
- [Integrating Vehicle Acoustic Data for Enhanced Urban Traffic Management: A Study on Speed Classification in Suzhou](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.21269/) (2025)
- [Explainable Part-Based Vehicle Classifier with Spatial Awareness](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.07831/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

A traffic monitoring system is an integral part of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). It is one of the critical transportation infrastructures that transportation agencies invest a huge amount of money to collect and analyze the traffic data to better utilize the roadway systems, improve the safety of transportation, and establish future transportation plans. With recent advances in MEMS, machine learning, and wireless communication technologies, numerous innovative traffic monitoring systems have been developed. In this article, we present a review of state-of-the-art traffic monitoring systems focusing on the major functionality--vehicle classification. We organize various vehicle classification systems, examine research issues and technical challenges, and discuss hardware/software design, deployment experience, and system performance of vehicle classification systems. Finally, we discuss a number of critical open problems and future research directions in an aim to provide valuable resources to academia, industry, and government agencies for selecting appropriate technologies for their traffic monitoring applications.