# Emergence of Writing Systems Through Multi-Agent Cooperation

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.00741 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.00741/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 2 Oct 2019.

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [A Review of the Applications of Deep Learning-Based Emergent Communication](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.03302/) (2024)
- [Emergent Language: A Survey and Taxonomy](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.02645/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Learning to communicate is considered an essential task to develop a general AI. While recent literature in language evolution has studied emergent language through discrete or continuous message symbols, there has been little work in the emergence of writing systems in artificial agents. In this paper, we present a referential game setup with two agents, where the mode of communication is a written language system that emerges during the play. We show that the agents can learn to coordinate successfully using this mode of communication. Further, we study how the game rules affect the writing system taxonomy by proposing a consistency metric.