# HapPenIng: Happen, Predict, Infer -- Event Series Completion in a Knowledge Graph

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.06219 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.06219/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 12 Sep 2019.

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [EventNarrative: A large-scale Event-centric Dataset for Knowledge Graph-to-Text Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.00276/) (2021)
- [News Article Retrieval in Context for Event-centric Narrative Creation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.16053/) (2021)
- [A Conceptual Model for Attributions in Event-Centric Knowledge Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.03563/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Event series, such as the Wimbledon Championships and the US presidential elections, represent important happenings in key societal areas including sports, culture and politics. However, semantic reference sources, such as Wikidata, DBpedia and EventKG knowledge graphs, provide only an incomplete event series representation. In this paper we target the problem of event series completion in a knowledge graph. We address two tasks: 1) prediction of sub-event relations, and 2) inference of real-world events that happened as a part of event series and are missing in the knowledge graph. To address these problems, our proposed supervised HapPenIng approach leverages structural features of event series. HapPenIng does not require any external knowledge - the characteristics making it unique in the context of event inference. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates that HapPenIng outperforms the baselines by 44 and 52 percentage points in terms of precision for the sub-event prediction and the inference tasks, correspondingly.