# Camera Fingerprint Extraction via Spatial Domain Averaged Frames

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.04573 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.04573/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 10 Sep 2019.

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [An Adaptive Method for Camera Attribution under Complex Radial Distortion Corrections](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.14409/) (2023)
- [Identification of Social-Media Platform of Videos through the Use of Shared Features](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.03598/) (2021)
- [PRNU Based Source Camera Identification for Webcam and Smartphone Videos](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.11737/) (2022)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Photo Response Non-Uniformity (PRNU) based camera attribution is an effective method to determine the source camera of visual media (an image or a video). To apply this method, images or videos need to be obtained from a camera to create a "camera fingerprint" which then can be compared against the PRNU of the query media whose origin is under question. The fingerprint extraction process can be time-consuming when a large number of video frames or images have to be denoised. This may need to be done when the individual images have been subjected to high compression or other geometric processing such as video stabilization. This paper investigates a simple, yet effective and efficient technique to create a camera fingerprint when so many still images need to be denoised. The technique utilizes Spatial Domain Averaged (SDA) frames. An SDA-frame is the arithmetic mean of multiple still images. When it is used for fingerprint extraction, the number of denoising operations can be significantly decreased with little or no performance loss. Experimental results show that the proposed method can work more than 50 times faster than conventional methods while providing similar matching results.