# Evaluating Long-form Text-to-Speech: Comparing the Ratings of Sentences and Paragraphs

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.03965 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.03965/

## Key facts

- Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 9 Sep 2019.

## Built on by (most cited first, 8 of 8)

- [Rethinking MUSHRA: Addressing Modern Challenges in Text-to-Speech Evaluation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.12719/) (2024)
- [The Role of Prosody in Spoken Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.05389/) (2025)
- [Simple and Effective Multi-sentence TTS with Expressive and Coherent Prosody](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.14643/) (2022)
- [ParaTTS: Learning Linguistic and Prosodic Cross-sentence Information in Paragraph-based TTS](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.06484/) (2022)
- [The State Of TTS: A Case Study with Human Fooling Rates](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.04179/) (2025)
- [Location, Location: Enhancing the Evaluation of Text-to-Speech Synthesis Using the Rapid Prosody Transcription Paradigm](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.02527/) (2021)
- [Towards Expressive Speaking Style Modelling with Hierarchical Context Information for Mandarin Speech Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.12201/) (2022)
- [PodEval: A Multimodal Evaluation Framework for Podcast Audio Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.00485/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Text-to-speech systems are typically evaluated on single sentences. When long-form content, such as data consisting of full paragraphs or dialogues is considered, evaluating sentences in isolation is not always appropriate as the context in which the sentences are synthesized is missing. In this paper, we investigate three different ways of evaluating the naturalness of long-form text-to-speech synthesis. We compare the results obtained from evaluating sentences in isolation, evaluating whole paragraphs of speech, and presenting a selection of speech or text as context and evaluating the subsequent speech. We find that, even though these three evaluations are based upon the same material, the outcomes differ per setting, and moreover that these outcomes do not necessarily correlate with each other. We show that our findings are consistent between a single speaker setting of read paragraphs and a two-speaker dialogue scenario. We conclude that to evaluate the quality of long-form speech, the traditional way of evaluating sentences in isolation does not suffice, and that multiple evaluations are required.