# 3D Morphable Face Models -- Past, Present and Future

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.01815 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.01815/

## Key facts

- Cited by 270 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 3 Sep 2019.

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 270)

- [HexPlane: A Fast Representation for Dynamic Scenes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.09632/) (2023)
- [GAN Inversion: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.05278/) (2021)
- [EMOCA: Emotion Driven Monocular Face Capture and Animation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.11312/) (2022)
- [HeadNeRF: A Real-time NeRF-based Parametric Head Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.05637/) (2021)
- [Neural Head Avatars from Monocular RGB Videos](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.01554/) (2021)
- [Towards Metrical Reconstruction of Human Faces](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.06607/) (2022)
- [Collaborative Regression of Expressive Bodies using Moderation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.05301/) (2021)
- [One-Stage 3D Whole-Body Mesh Recovery with Component Aware Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.16160/) (2023)
- [ForgeryNet: A Versatile Benchmark for Comprehensive Forgery Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.05630/) (2021)
- [Realistic One-shot Mesh-based Head Avatars](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.08343/) (2022)
- [Recovering 3D Human Mesh from Monocular Images: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.01923/) (2022)
- [Emotional Speech-Driven Animation with Content-Emotion Disentanglement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.08990/) (2023)
- [MoFaNeRF: Morphable Facial Neural Radiance Field](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.02308/) (2021)
- [GAN-Control: Explicitly Controllable GANs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.02477/) (2021)
- [LOLNeRF: Learn from One Look](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.09996/) (2021)
- [SMIRK: 3D Facial Expressions through Analysis-by-Neural-Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.04104/) (2024)
- [FaceDiffuser: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation Synthesis Using Diffusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.11306/) (2023)
- [DiffusionRig: Learning Personalized Priors for Facial Appearance Editing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.06711/) (2023)
- [Imitator: Personalized Speech-driven 3D Facial Animation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.00023/) (2022)
- [ImFace: A Nonlinear 3D Morphable Face Model with Implicit Neural Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.14510/) (2022)
- [Advances in 3D Generation: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.17807/) (2024)
- [Gen3DSR: Generalizable 3D Scene Reconstruction via Divide and Conquer from a Single View](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.03421/) (2024)
- [Unsupervised Learning of Robust Spectral Shape Matching](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.14419/) (2023)
- [Visual Speech-Aware Perceptual 3D Facial Expression Reconstruction from Videos](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.11094/) (2022)
- [AvatarMe++: Facial Shape and BRDF Inference with Photorealistic Rendering-Aware GANs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.05957/) (2021)
- [Towards High Fidelity Monocular Face Reconstruction with Rich Reflectance using Self-supervised Learning and Ray Tracing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.15432/) (2021)
- [FaceDancer: Pose- and Occlusion-Aware High Fidelity Face Swapping](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.10473/) (2022)
- [Learning Personalized High Quality Volumetric Head Avatars from Monocular RGB Videos](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.01436/) (2023)
- [Learning Disentangled Avatars with Hybrid 3D Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.06441/) (2023)
- [StyleSwap: Style-Based Generator Empowers Robust Face Swapping](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.13514/) (2022)

## Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we provide a detailed survey of 3D Morphable Face Models over the 20 years since they were first proposed. The challenges in building and applying these models, namely capture, modeling, image formation, and image analysis, are still active research topics, and we review the state-of-the-art in each of these areas. We also look ahead, identifying unsolved challenges, proposing directions for future research and highlighting the broad range of current and future applications.