# A Study of Cyber Hate on Twitter with Implications for Social Media Governance Strategies

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.11732 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.11732/

## Key facts

- Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 30 Aug 2019.

## Built on by (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [Hate Speech and Counter Speech Detection: Conversational Context Does Matter](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.06423/) (2022)
- [Understanding Counterspeech for Online Harm Mitigation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.04761/) (2023)
- [Hate Cannot Drive out Hate: Forecasting Conversation Incivility following Replies to Hate Speech](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.04804/) (2023)
- [Echoes of Discord: Forecasting Hater Reactions to Counterspeech](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.16235/) (2025)
- [Speaking at the Right Level: Literacy-Controlled Counterspeech Generation with RAG-RL](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.01058/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This paper explores ways in which the harmful effects of cyber hate may be mitigated through mechanisms for enhancing the self governance of new digital spaces. We report findings from a mixed methods study of responses to cyber hate posts, which aimed to: (i) understand how people interact in this context by undertaking qualitative interaction analysis and developing a statistical model to explain the volume of responses to cyber hate posted to Twitter, and (ii) explore use of machine learning techniques to assist in identifying cyber hate counter-speech.