# Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation with High- and Low-level Consistency

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.05724 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.05724/

## Key facts

- Cited by 147 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 15 Aug 2019.

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 147)

- [Extract Free Dense Labels from CLIP](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.01071/) (2021)
- [Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation with Cross Pseudo Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.01226/) (2021)
- [DatasetGAN: Efficient Labeled Data Factory with Minimal Human Effort](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.06490/) (2021)
- [A Survey on Deep Semi-supervised Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.00550/) (2021)
- [ST++: Make Self-training Work Better for Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.05095/) (2021)
- [Revisiting Weak-to-Strong Consistency in Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.09910/) (2022)
- [Semantic Segmentation with Generative Models: Semi-Supervised Learning and Strong Out-of-Domain Generalization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.05833/) (2021)
- [Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation with Pixel-Level Contrastive Learning from a Class-wise Memory Bank](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.13415/) (2021)
- [Uncertainty-aware Joint Salient Object and Camouflaged Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.02628/) (2021)
- [Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentation with Directional Context-aware Consistency](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.14133/) (2021)
- [Mutual Consistency Learning for Semi-supervised Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.09960/) (2021)
- [Pixel Contrastive-Consistent Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.09025/) (2021)
- [Guided Point Contrastive Learning for Semi-supervised Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.08188/) (2021)
- [Bootstrapping Semantic Segmentation with Regional Contrast](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.04465/) (2021)
- [A Simple Baseline for Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentation with Strong Data Augmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.07256/) (2021)
- [Re-distributing Biased Pseudo Labels for Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentation: A Baseline Investigation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.11279/) (2021)
- [CycleMix: A Holistic Strategy for Medical Image Segmentation from Scribble Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.01475/) (2022)
- [Augmentation Matters: A Simple-yet-Effective Approach to Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.04976/) (2022)
- [A Closer Look at Self-training for Zero-Label Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.11692/) (2021)
- [Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentation with Error Localization Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.02078/) (2022)
- [Adapting Segment Anything Model for Change Detection in HR Remote Sensing Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.01429/) (2023)
- [Unsupervised Semantic Segmentation with Self-supervised Object-centric Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.05027/) (2022)
- [UniMatch V2: Pushing the Limit of Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.10777/) (2024)
- [Semi-Supervised and Unsupervised Deep Visual Learning: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.11296/) (2022)
- [ZeroWaste Dataset: Towards Deformable Object Segmentation in Cluttered Scenes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.02740/) (2021)
- [A New Learning Paradigm for Foundation Model-based Remote Sensing Change Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.01163/) (2023)
- [UCC: Uncertainty guided Cross-head Co-training for Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.10334/) (2022)
- [Weakly-Supervised Camouflaged Object Detection with Scribble Annotations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.14083/) (2022)
- [SemiVL: Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation with Vision-Language Guidance](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.16241/) (2023)
- [Every Annotation Counts: Multi-label Deep Supervision for Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.13243/) (2021)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The ability to understand visual information from limited labeled data is an important aspect of machine learning. While image-level classification has been extensively studied in a semi-supervised setting, dense pixel-level classification with limited data has only drawn attention recently. In this work, we propose an approach for semi-supervised semantic segmentation that learns from limited pixel-wise annotated samples while exploiting additional annotation-free images. It uses two network branches that link semi-supervised classification with semi-supervised segmentation including self-training. The dual-branch approach reduces both the low-level and the high-level artifacts typical when training with few labels. The approach attains significant improvement over existing methods, especially when trained with very few labeled samples. On several standard benchmarks - PASCAL VOC 2012, PASCAL-Context, and Cityscapes - the approach achieves new state-of-the-art in semi-supervised learning.