# Online Continual Learning with Maximally Interfered Retrieval

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.04742 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.04742/

## Key facts

- Cited by 379 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 11 Aug 2019.

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 379)

- [A Comprehensive Survey of Continual Learning: Theory, Method and Application](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.00487/) (2023)
- [CODA-Prompt: COntinual Decomposed Attention-based Prompting for Rehearsal-Free Continual Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.13218/) (2022)
- [Aging with GRACE: Lifelong Model Editing with Discrete Key-Value Adaptors](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.11031/) (2022)
- [Online Continual Learning in Image Classification: An Empirical Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.10423/) (2021)
- [New Insights on Reducing Abrupt Representation Change in Online Continual Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.05025/) (2021)
- [InfLoRA: Interference-Free Low-Rank Adaptation for Continual Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.00228/) (2024)
- [Dataset Distillation using Neural Feature Regression](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.00719/) (2022)
- [A Comprehensive Study of Knowledge Editing for Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.01286/) (2024)
- [Supervised Contrastive Replay: Revisiting the Nearest Class Mean Classifier in Online Class-Incremental Continual Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.13885/) (2021)
- [Always Be Dreaming: A New Approach for Data-Free Class-Incremental Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.09701/) (2021)
- [Simple and Scalable Strategies to Continually Pre-train Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.08763/) (2024)
- [Class-Incremental Continual Learning into the eXtended DER-verse](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.00766/) (2022)
- [Online Coreset Selection for Rehearsal-based Continual Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.01085/) (2021)
- [Continual World: A Robotic Benchmark For Continual Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.10919/) (2021)
- [GCR: Gradient Coreset Based Replay Buffer Selection For Continual Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.11210/) (2021)
- [Continual Learning and Catastrophic Forgetting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.05175/) (2024)
- [Rehearsal revealed: The limits and merits of revisiting samples in continual learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.07446/) (2021)
- [OneNet: Enhancing Time Series Forecasting Models under Concept Drift by Online Ensembling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.12659/) (2023)
- [Replay in Deep Learning: Current Approaches and Missing Biological Elements](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.04132/) (2021)
- [A Comprehensive Survey of Forgetting in Deep Learning Beyond Continual Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.09218/) (2023)
- [Online Continual Learning on Class Incremental Blurry Task Configuration with Anytime Inference](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.10031/) (2021)
- [Lifelong Language Pretraining with Distribution-Specialized Experts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.12281/) (2023)
- [Continual Learning via Local Module Composition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.07736/) (2021)
- [Continual Learning with Foundation Models: An Empirical Study of Latent Replay](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.00329/) (2022)
- [Computationally Budgeted Continual Learning: What Does Matter?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.11165/) (2023)
- [Continual Learning for Real-World Autonomous Systems: Algorithms, Challenges and Frameworks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.12374/) (2021)
- [Continual evaluation for lifelong learning: Identifying the stability gap](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.13452/) (2022)
- [Recent Advances of Continual Learning in Computer Vision: An Overview](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.11369/) (2021)
- [A Closer Look at Rehearsal-Free Continual Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.17269/) (2022)
- [Online Prototype Learning for Online Continual Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.00301/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Continual learning, the setting where a learning agent is faced with a never ending stream of data, continues to be a great challenge for modern machine learning systems. In particular the online or "single-pass through the data" setting has gained attention recently as a natural setting that is difficult to tackle. Methods based on replay, either generative or from a stored memory, have been shown to be effective approaches for continual learning, matching or exceeding the state of the art in a number of standard benchmarks. These approaches typically rely on randomly selecting samples from the replay memory or from a generative model, which is suboptimal. In this work, we consider a controlled sampling of memories for replay. We retrieve the samples which are most interfered, i.e. whose prediction will be most negatively impacted by the foreseen parameters update. We show a formulation for this sampling criterion in both the generative replay and the experience replay setting, producing consistent gains in performance and greatly reduced forgetting. We release an implementation of our method at https://github.com/optimass/Maximally_Interfered_Retrieval.