# Steady-State Simulation for Combined Transmission and Distribution Systems

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.12725 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.12725/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 30 Jul 2019.

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Federated Learning for Intrusion Detection System: Concepts, Challenges and Future Directions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.09527/) (2021)
- [A Combinatorial Semi-Bandit Approach to Charging Station Selection for Electric Vehicles](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.07156/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The future electric grid will consist of significant penetration of renewable and distributed generation that is likely to create a homogenous transmission and distribution (T&D) system, requiring tools that can model and robustly simulate the combined T&D networks. Existing tools use disparate models and formulations for simulation of transmission versus distribution grids and solving for the steady-state solution of the combined T&D networks often lacks convergence robustness and scalability to large systems. In this paper, we show that modeling both the T&D grid elements in terms of currents and voltages using an equivalent circuit framework enables simulation of combined positive sequence networks of the transmission grids with three-phase networks of the distribution grids without loss of generality. We further demonstrate that we can ensure robust convergence for these resulting large-scale complex T&D systems when the circuit simulation methods are applied to them. Our results illustrate robust convergence of combined T&D networks using a direct Newton-Raphson solver on a single machine for smaller sized systems and using a parallel Gauss-Seidel-Newton solver on multiple machines for larger sized systems with greater than million nodes.