# Lessons from Oz: Design Guidelines for Automotive Conversational User Interfaces

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.11179 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.11179/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 25 Jul 2019.

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [Rewriting the Script: Adapting Text Instructions for Voice Interaction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.09992/) (2023)
- [ChatGPT on the Road: Leveraging Large Language Model-Powered In-vehicle Conversational Agents for Safer and More Enjoyable Driving Experience](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.08101/) (2025)
- [What Do People Want to Know About Artificial Intelligence (AI)? The Importance of Answering End-User Questions to Explain Autonomous Vehicle (AV) Decisions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.06428/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This paper draws from literature and our experience of conducting Wizard-of-Oz (WoZ) studies using natural language, conversational user interfaces (CUIs) in the automotive domain. These studies have revealed positive effects of using in-vehicle CUIs on issues such as: cognitive demand/workload, passive task-related fatigue, trust, acceptance and environment engagement. A nascent set of human-centred design guidelines that have emerged is presented. These are based on the analysis of users' behaviour and the positive benefits observed, and aim to make interactions with an in-vehicle agent interlocutor safe, effective, engaging and enjoyable, while confirming with users' expectations. The guidelines can be used to inform the design of future in-vehicle CUIs or applied experimentally using WoZ methodology, and will be evaluated and refined in ongoing work.