# solc-verify: A Modular Verifier for Solidity Smart Contracts

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.04262 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.04262/

## Key facts

- Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 9 Jul 2019.

## Built on by (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [Agentic Specification Generator for Move Programs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.24515/) (2025)
- [SymGPT: Auditing Smart Contracts via Combining Symbolic Execution with Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.07644/) (2025)
- [Approximate SMT Counting Beyond Discrete Domains](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.18612/) (2025)
- [Validating Solidity Code Defects using Symbolic and Concrete Execution powered by Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.13023/) (2025)
- [LLMs as verification oracles for Solidity](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.19153/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We present solc-verify, a source-level verification tool for Ethereum smart contracts. Solc-verify takes smart contracts written in Solidity and discharges verification conditions using modular program analysis and SMT solvers. Built on top of the Solidity compiler, solc-verify reasons at the level of the contract source code, as opposed to the more common approaches that operate at the level of Ethereum bytecode. This enables solc-verify to effectively reason about high-level contract properties while modeling low-level language semantics precisely. The contract properties, such as contract invariants, loop invariants, and function pre- and post-conditions, can be provided as annotations in the code by the developer. This enables automated, yet user-friendly formal verification for smart contracts. We demonstrate solc-verify by examining real-world examples where our tool can effectively find bugs and prove correctness of non-trivial properties with minimal user effort.