# A database for face presentation attack using wax figure faces

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.11900 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.11900/

## Key facts

- Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 6 Jun 2019.

## Built on by (most cited first, 6 of 6)

- [Rehearsal-Free Domain Continual Face Anti-Spoofing: Generalize More and Forget Less](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.09914/) (2023)
- [EDITH :ECG biometrics aided by Deep learning for reliable Individual auTHentication](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.08026/) (2021)
- [Identifying Illicit Drug Dealers on Instagram with Large-scale Multimodal Data Fusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.08301/) (2021)
- [Wild Face Anti-Spoofing Challenge 2023: Benchmark and Results](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.05753/) (2023)
- [A Novel Active Solution for Two-Dimensional Face Presentation Attack Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.06958/) (2022)
- [Steering Vision-Language Pre-trained Models for Incremental Face Presentation Attack Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.19022/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Compared to 2D face presentation attacks (e.g. printed photos and video replays), 3D type attacks are more challenging to face recognition systems (FRS) by presenting 3D characteristics or materials similar to real faces. Existing 3D face spoofing databases, however, mostly based on 3D masks, are restricted to small data size or poor authenticity due to the production difficulty and high cost. In this work, we introduce the first wax figure face database, WFFD, as one type of super-realistic 3D presentation attacks to spoof the FRS. This database consists of 2200 images with both real and wax figure faces (totally 4400 faces) with a high diversity from online collections. Experiments on this database first investigate the vulnerability of three popular FRS to this kind of new attack. Further, we evaluate the performance of several face presentation attack detection methods to show the attack abilities of this super-realistic face spoofing database.