# Improving Question Answering over Incomplete KBs with Knowledge-Aware Reader

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.07098 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.07098/

## Key facts

- Cited by 37 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 17 May 2019.

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 37)

- [Retrieval Augmentation Reduces Hallucination in Conversation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.07567/) (2021)
- [QA-GNN: Reasoning with Language Models and Knowledge Graphs for Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.06378/) (2021)
- [A Survey on Complex Knowledge Base Question Answering: Methods, Challenges and Solutions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.11644/) (2021)
- [KG-FiD: Infusing Knowledge Graph in Fusion-in-Decoder for Open-Domain Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.04330/) (2021)
- [Complex Knowledge Base Question Answering: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.06688/) (2021)
- [TempoQR: Temporal Question Reasoning over Knowledge Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.05785/) (2021)
- [Conversational Question Answering on Heterogeneous Sources](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.11677/) (2022)
- [Geographic Question Answering: Challenges, Uniqueness, Classification, and Future Directions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.09392/) (2021)
- [KnowledgeNavigator: Leveraging Large Language Models for Enhanced Reasoning over Knowledge Graph](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.15880/) (2023)
- [GNN is a Counter? Revisiting GNN for Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.03192/) (2021)
- [Will this Question be Answered? Question Filtering via Answer Model Distillation for Efficient Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.07009/) (2021)
- [UNIQORN: Unified Question Answering over RDF Knowledge Graphs and Natural Language Text](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.08614/) (2021)
- [AutoKG: Efficient Automated Knowledge Graph Generation for Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.14740/) (2023)
- [ReaRev: Adaptive Reasoning for Question Answering over Knowledge Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.13650/) (2022)
- ["John is 50 years old, can his son be 65?" Evaluating NLP Models' Understanding of Feasibility](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.07471/) (2022)
- [Multi-Grained Multimodal Interaction Network for Entity Linking](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.09721/) (2023)
- [Identify, Align, and Integrate: Matching Knowledge Graphs to Commonsense Reasoning Tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.10193/) (2021)
- [Elaboration-Generating Commonsense Question Answering at Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.01232/) (2022)
- [MuGER2: Multi-Granularity Evidence Retrieval and Reasoning for Hybrid Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.10350/) (2022)
- [Pay More Attention to Relation Exploration for Knowledge Base Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.02118/) (2023)
- [NuTrea: Neural Tree Search for Context-guided Multi-hop KGQA](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.15484/) (2023)
- [GraphRAFT: Retrieval Augmented Fine-Tuning for Knowledge Graphs on Graph Databases](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.05478/) (2025)
- [Query-Aware Flow Diffusion for Graph-Based RAG with Retrieval Guarantees](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.18775/) (2026)
- [CBR-iKB: A Case-Based Reasoning Approach for Question Answering over Incomplete Knowledge Bases](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.08554/) (2022)
- [Optimal Transport Guided Correlation Assignment for Multimodal Entity Linking](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.01934/) (2024)
- [UniMEL: A Unified Framework for Multimodal Entity Linking with Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.16160/) (2024)
- [KGMEL: Knowledge Graph-Enhanced Multimodal Entity Linking](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.15135/) (2025)
- [Targeted Extraction of Temporal Facts from Textual Resources for Improved Temporal Question Answering over Knowledge Bases](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.11054/) (2022)
- [Exploiting Hybrid Semantics of Relation Paths for Multi-hop Question Answering Over Knowledge Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.00870/) (2022)
- [Multi-level Matching Network for Multimodal Entity Linking](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.10440/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We propose a new end-to-end question answering model, which learns to aggregate answer evidence from an incomplete knowledge base (KB) and a set of retrieved text snippets. Under the assumptions that the structured KB is easier to query and the acquired knowledge can help the understanding of unstructured text, our model first accumulates knowledge of entities from a question-related KB subgraph; then reformulates the question in the latent space and reads the texts with the accumulated entity knowledge at hand. The evidence from KB and texts are finally aggregated to predict answers. On the widely-used KBQA benchmark WebQSP, our model achieves consistent improvements across settings with different extents of KB incompleteness.