# Performance boost of time-delay reservoir computing by non-resonant clock cycle

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.02534 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.02534/

## Key facts

- Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 7 May 2019.

## Built on by (most cited first, 6 of 6)

- [Reservoir Computing with Diverse Timescales for Prediction of Multiscale Dynamics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.09446/) (2021)
- [Master memory function for delay-based reservoir computers with single-variable dynamics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.12643/) (2021)
- [Time-shift selection for reservoir computing using a rank-revealing QR algorithm](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.17095/) (2022)
- [Characterizing Learning in Spiking Neural Networks with Astrocyte-Like Units](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.06798/) (2025)
- [Infinite-dimensional Folded-in-time Deep Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.02966/) (2021)
- [Inference of Unknown Dynamical Components Using Next Generation Reservoir Computing: From Chaotic Systems to Climate Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.24754/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The time-delay-based reservoir computing setup has seen tremendous success in both experiment and simulation. It allows for the construction of large neuromorphic computing systems with only few components. However, until now the interplay of the different timescales has not been investigated thoroughly. In this manuscript, we investigate the effects of a mismatch between the time-delay and the clock cycle for a general model. Typically, these two time scales are considered to be equal. Here we show that the case of equal or resonant time-delay and clock cycle could be actively detrimental and leads to an increase of the approximation error of the reservoir. In particular, we can show that non-resonant ratios of these time scales have maximal memory capacities. We achieve this by translating the periodically driven delay-dynamical system into an equivalent network. Networks that originate from a system with resonant delay-times and clock cycles fail to utilize all of their degrees of freedom, which causes the degradation of their performance.