# Exploring Object Relation in Mean Teacher for Cross-Domain Detection

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.11245 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.11245/

## Key facts

- Cited by 137 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 25 Apr 2019.

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 137)

- [MIC: Masked Image Consistency for Context-Enhanced Domain Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.01322/) (2022)
- [ST3D: Self-training for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation on 3D Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.05346/) (2021)
- [Model Adaptation: Historical Contrastive Learning for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation without Source Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.03374/) (2021)
- [Cross-Domain Adaptive Teacher for Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.13216/) (2021)
- [MeGA-CDA: Memory Guided Attention for Category-Aware Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.04224/) (2021)
- [Deep Unsupervised Domain Adaptation: A Review of Recent Advances and Perspectives](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.07422/) (2022)
- [Unsupervised Domain Adaptation of Object Detectors: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.13502/) (2021)
- [Unsupervised Domain Adaptive 3D Detection with Multi-Level Consistency](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.11355/) (2021)
- [Uncertainty-Aware Unsupervised Domain Adaptation in Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.00236/) (2021)
- [ST3D++: Denoised Self-training for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation on 3D Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.06682/) (2021)
- [Learning Domain Adaptive Object Detection with Probabilistic Teacher](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.06293/) (2022)
- [Instance Relation Graph Guided Source-Free Domain Adaptive Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.15793/) (2022)
- [Contrastive Mean Teacher for Domain Adaptive Object Detectors](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.03034/) (2023)
- [Exploring Sequence Feature Alignment for Domain Adaptive Detection Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.12636/) (2021)
- [Cross Domain Object Detection by Target-Perceived Dual Branch Distillation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.01291/) (2022)
- [Seeking Similarities over Differences: Similarity-based Domain Alignment for Adaptive Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.01428/) (2021)
- [Cross-View Regularization for Domain Adaptive Panoptic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.02584/) (2021)
- [Domain Adaptive Object Detection for Autonomous Driving under Foggy Weather](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.15176/) (2022)
- [Spectral Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Visual Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.06112/) (2021)
- [Decoupled Adaptation for Cross-Domain Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.02578/) (2021)
- [Towards Online Domain Adaptive Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.05289/) (2022)
- [MTTrans: Cross-Domain Object Detection with Mean-Teacher Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.01643/) (2022)
- [A Style and Semantic Memory Mechanism for Domain Generalization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.07517/) (2021)
- [2PCNet: Two-Phase Consistency Training for Day-to-Night Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.13853/) (2023)
- [Density-Insensitive Unsupervised Domain Adaption on 3D Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.09446/) (2023)
- [Aligning Correlation Information for Domain Adaptation in Action Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.04932/) (2021)
- [PIT: Position-Invariant Transform for Cross-FoV Domain Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.07142/) (2021)
- [Self-Adversarial Disentangling for Specific Domain Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.03553/) (2021)
- [Few-Shot Object Detection: A Comprehensive Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.11699/) (2021)
- [Multi-Granularity Alignment Domain Adaptation for Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.16897/) (2022)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Rendering synthetic data (e.g., 3D CAD-rendered images) to generate annotations for learning deep models in vision tasks has attracted increasing attention in recent years. However, simply applying the models learnt on synthetic images may lead to high generalization error on real images due to domain shift. To address this issue, recent progress in cross-domain recognition has featured the Mean Teacher, which directly simulates unsupervised domain adaptation as semi-supervised learning. The domain gap is thus naturally bridged with consistency regularization in a teacher-student scheme. In this work, we advance this Mean Teacher paradigm to be applicable for cross-domain detection. Specifically, we present Mean Teacher with Object Relations (MTOR) that novelly remolds Mean Teacher under the backbone of Faster R-CNN by integrating the object relations into the measure of consistency cost between teacher and student modules. Technically, MTOR firstly learns relational graphs that capture similarities between pairs of regions for teacher and student respectively. The whole architecture is then optimized with three consistency regularizations: 1) region-level consistency to align the region-level predictions between teacher and student, 2) inter-graph consistency for matching the graph structures between teacher and student, and 3) intra-graph consistency to enhance the similarity between regions of same class within the graph of student. Extensive experiments are conducted on the transfers across Cityscapes, Foggy Cityscapes, and SIM10k, and superior results are reported when comparing to state-of-the-art approaches. More remarkably, we obtain a new record of single model: 22.8% of mAP on Syn2Real detection dataset.