# A Sequential Set Generation Method for Predicting Set-Valued Outputs

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.05153 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.05153/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 12 Mar 2019.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [multiPRover: Generating Multiple Proofs for Improved Interpretability in Rule Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.01354/) (2021)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Consider a general machine learning setting where the output is a set of labels or sequences. This output set is unordered and its size varies with the input. Whereas multi-label classification methods seem a natural first resort, they are not readily applicable to set-valued outputs because of the growth rate of the output space; and because conventional sequence generation doesn't reflect sets' order-free nature. In this paper, we propose a unified framework--sequential set generation (SSG)--that can handle output sets of labels and sequences. SSG is a meta-algorithm that leverages any probabilistic learning method for label or sequence prediction, but employs a proper regularization such that a new label or sequence is generated repeatedly until the full set is produced. Though SSG is sequential in nature, it does not penalize the ordering of the appearance of the set elements and can be applied to a variety of set output problems, such as a set of classification labels or sequences. We perform experiments with both benchmark and synthetic data sets and demonstrate SSG's strong performance over baseline methods.