# Balancing-Aware Charging Strategy For Series-Connected Lithium-Ion Cells: A Nonlinear Model Predictive Control Approach

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.02122 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1902.02122/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 6 Feb 2019.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Approximate Model Predictive Control for Microgrid Energy Management via Imitation Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.20040/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Charge unbalance is one of the key issues for series-connected Lithium-ion cells. Within this context, model-based optimization strategies have proven to be the most effective. In the present paper, an ad-hoc electrochemical model, tailored to control purposes, is firstly presented. Relying on this latter, a general nonlinear MPC for balancing-aware optimal charging is then proposed. In view of the possibility of a practical implementation, the concepts are subsequently specialized for an easily implementable power supply scheme. Finally, the nonlinear MPC approach is validated on commercial cells using a detailed battery simulator, with sound evidence of its effectiveness.