# Software-Defined Radio GNSS Instrumentation for Spoofing Mitigation: A Review and a Case Study

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.03434 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1901.03434/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 11 Jan 2019.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Think Hierarchically, Act Dynamically: Hierarchical Multi-modal Fusion and Reasoning for Vision-and-Language Navigation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.16516/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Recently, several global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) emerged following the transformative technology impact of the first GNSS: US Global Positioning System (GPS). The power level of GNSS signals as measured at the earths surface is below the noise floor and is consequently vulnerable against interference. Spoofers are smart GNSS-like interferers, which mislead the receivers into generating false position and time information. While many spoofing mitigation techniques exist, spoofers are continually evolving, producing a cycle of new spoofing attacks and counter-measures against them. Thus, upgradability of receivers becomes an important advantage for maintaining their immunity against spoofing. Software-defined radio (SDR) implementations of a GPS receiver address such flexibility but are challenged by demanding computational requirements of both GNSS signal processing and spoofing mitigation. Therefore, this paper reviews reported SDRs in the context of instrumentation capabilities for both conventional and spoofing mitigation modes. This separation is necessitated by significantly increased computational loads when in spoofing domain. This is demonstrated by a case study budget analysis.