# Intelligent Tutoring Systems: A Comprehensive Historical Survey with Recent Developments

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.09628 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.09628/

## Key facts

- Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 23 Dec 2018.

## Built on by (most cited first, 8 of 8)

- [LLM-powered Multi-agent Framework for Goal-oriented Learning in Intelligent Tutoring System](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.15749/) (2025)
- [Proactive and Reactive Engagement of Artificial Intelligence Methods for Education: A Review](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.10231/) (2023)
- [Lexical Complexity Prediction: An Overview](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.04851/) (2023)
- [Awaking the Slides: A Tuning-free and Knowledge-regulated AI Tutoring System via Language Model Coordination](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.07372/) (2024)
- [Is the Lecture Engaging for Learning? Lecture Voice Sentiment Analysis for Knowledge Graph-Supported Intelligent Lecturing Assistant (ILA) System](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.10492/) (2024)
- [An overview of artificial intelligence in computer-assisted language learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.02032/) (2025)
- [GraphMASAL: A Graph-based Multi-Agent System for Adaptive Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.11035/) (2025)
- [Enhancing knowledge tracing robustness for new question cold start in Intelligent Tutoring Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.07179/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This paper provides interested beginners with an updated and detailed introduction to the field of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS). ITSs are computer programs that use artificial intelligence techniques to enhance and personalize automation in teaching. This paper is a literature review that provides the following: First, a review of the history of ITS along with a discussion on the interface between human learning and computer tutors and how effective ITSs are in contemporary education. Second, the traditional architectural components of an ITS and their functions are discussed along with approaches taken by various ITSs. Finally, recent innovative ideas in ITS systems are presented. This paper concludes with some of the author's views regarding future work in the field of intelligent tutoring systems.