# Detecting Standard Violation Errors in Smart Contracts

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.07702 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.07702/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 18 Dec 2018.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [AgentSpec: Customizable Runtime Enforcement for Safe and Reliable LLM Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.18666/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We present SOLAR, a new analysis tool for automatically detecting standard violation errors in Ethereum smart contracts.Given the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) bytecode of a smart contract and a user specified constraint or invariant derived from a technical standard such as ERC-20,SOLAR symbolically executes the contract, explores all possible execution paths, and checks whether it is possible to initiate a sequence of malicious transactions to violate the specified constraint or invariant. Our experimental results highlight the effectiveness of SOLAR in finding new errors in smart con-tracts. Out of the evaluated 779 ERC-20 and 310 ERC-721smart contracts, SOLAR found 255 standard violation errors in 197 vulnerable contracts with only three false positives.237 out of the 255 errors are zero-day errors that are not re-ported before. Our results sound the alarm on the prevalence of standard violation errors in critical smart contracts that manipulate publicly traded digital assets