# Quaternion Convolutional Neural Networks for Detection and Localization of 3D Sound Events

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.06811 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.06811/

## Key facts

- Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 17 Dec 2018.

## Built on by (most cited first, 18 of 18)

- [A Survey of Sound Source Localization with Deep Learning Methods](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.03465/) (2021)
- [PHNNs: Lightweight Neural Networks via Parameterized Hypercomplex Convolutions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.04176/) (2021)
- [Quaternion Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.09630/) (2021)
- [Learning Speech Emotion Representations in the Quaternion Domain](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.02385/) (2022)
- [Multi-View Hypercomplex Learning for Breast Cancer Screening](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.05798/) (2022)
- [Attention-Map Augmentation for Hypercomplex Breast Cancer Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.07633/) (2023)
- [Quaternion Factorization Machines: A Lightweight Solution to Intricate Feature Interaction Modelling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.01716/) (2021)
- [Hypercomplex Image-to-Image Translation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.02087/) (2022)
- [Quaternion Convolutional Neural Networks: Current Advances and Future Directions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.08663/) (2023)
- [The HR-Calculus: Enabling Information Processing with Quaternion Algebra](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.16771/) (2023)
- [Current Symmetry Group Equivariant Convolution Frameworks for Representation Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.07327/) (2024)
- [Neural Networks at a Fraction with Pruned Quaternions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.06780/) (2023)
- [Quaternion recurrent neural network with real-time recurrent learning and maximum correntropy criterion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.14227/) (2024)
- [Demystifying the Hypercomplex: Inductive Biases in Hypercomplex Deep Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.07024/) (2024)
- [Improving Quaternion Neural Networks with Quaternionic Activation Functions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.16481/) (2024)
- [HyReaL: Clustering Attributed Graph via Hyper-Complex Space Representation Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.14727/) (2024)
- [Quaternion Approximation Networks for Enhanced Image Classification and Oriented Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.05512/) (2025)
- [Hypercomplex Widely Linear Processing: Fundamentals for Quaternion Machine Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.11835/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Learning from data in the quaternion domain enables us to exploit internal dependencies of 4D signals and treating them as a single entity. One of the models that perfectly suits with quaternion-valued data processing is represented by 3D acoustic signals in their spherical harmonics decomposition. In this paper, we address the problem of localizing and detecting sound events in the spatial sound field by using quaternion-valued data processing. In particular, we consider the spherical harmonic components of the signals captured by a first-order ambisonic microphone and process them by using a quaternion convolutional neural network. Experimental results show that the proposed approach exploits the correlated nature of the ambisonic signals, thus improving accuracy results in 3D sound event detection and localization.