# Low-complexity Graph Sampling with Noise and Signal Reconstruction via Neumann Series

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.02109 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.02109/

## Key facts

- Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 5 Dec 2018.

## Built on by (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Efficient Signed Graph Sampling via Balancing & Gershgorin Disc Perfect Alignment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.08726/) (2022)
- [HeteroSample: Meta-path Guided Sampling for Heterogeneous Graph Representation Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.07022/) (2024)
- [On the Impact of Downstream Tasks on Sampling and Reconstructing Noisy Graph Signals](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.10874/) (2025)
- [An Active Diffusion Neural Network for Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.19202/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Graph sampling addresses the problem of selecting a node subset in a graph to collect samples, so that a K-bandlimited signal can be reconstructed in high fidelity. Assuming an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) noise model, minimizing the expected mean square error (MMSE) leads to the known A-optimality criterion for graph sampling, which is expensive to compute and difficult to optimize. In this paper, we propose an augmented objective based on Neumann series that well approximates the original criterion and is amenable to greedy optimization. Specifically, we show that a shifted A-optimal criterion can be equivalently written as a function of an ideal low-pass (LP) graph filter, which in turn can be approximated efficiently via fast graph Fourier transform (FGFT). Minimizing the new objective, we select nodes greedily without large matrix inversions using a matrix inverse lemma. Further, for the dynamic network case where node availability varies across time, we propose an extended sampling strategy that replaces offline samples one-by-one in the selected set. For signal reconstruction, we propose an accompanied biased signal recovery strategy that reuses the approximated filter from sampling. Experiments show that our reconstruction is more robust to large noise than the least square (LS) solution, and our sampling strategy far outperforms several existing schemes.