# Image-to-GPS Verification Through A Bottom-Up Pattern Matching Network

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.07288 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1811.07288/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 18 Nov 2018.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [ISS-Geo142: A Benchmark for Geolocating Astronaut Photography from the International Space Station](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.21194/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The image-to-GPS verification problem asks whether a given image is taken at a claimed GPS location. In this paper, we treat it as an image verification problem -- whether a query image is taken at the same place as a reference image retrieved at the claimed GPS location. We make three major contributions: 1) we propose a novel custom bottom-up pattern matching (BUPM) deep neural network solution; 2) we demonstrate that the verification can be directly done by cross-checking a perspective-looking query image and a panorama reference image, and 3) we collect and clean a dataset of 30K pairs query and reference. Our experimental results show that the proposed BUPM solution outperforms the state-of-the-art solutions in terms of both verification and localization.