# Hate Speech Detection from Code-mixed Hindi-English Tweets Using Deep Learning Models

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.05145 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1811.05145/

## Key facts

- Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 13 Nov 2018.

## Built on by (most cited first, 16 of 16)

- [L3Cube-HingCorpus and HingBERT: A Code Mixed Hindi-English Dataset and BERT Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.08398/) (2022)
- [A systematic review of Hate Speech automatic detection using Natural Language Processing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.00742/) (2021)
- [Hate and Offensive Speech Detection in Hindi and Marathi](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.12200/) (2021)
- [Indian-BhED: A Dataset for Measuring India-Centric Biases in Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.08573/) (2023)
- [Advancing Content Moderation: Evaluating Large Language Models for Detecting Sensitive Content Across Text, Images, and Videos](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.17123/) (2024)
- [Cross-lingual hate speech detection based on multilingual domain-specific word embeddings](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.14728/) (2021)
- [Challenges and Considerations with Code-Mixed NLP for Multilingual Societies](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.07823/) (2021)
- [Ceasing hate withMoH: Hate Speech Detection in Hindi-English Code-Switched Language](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.09393/) (2021)
- [Leveraging Transformers for Hate Speech Detection in Conversational Code-Mixed Tweets](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.09986/) (2021)
- [Comparative Study of Pre-Trained BERT Models for Code-Mixed Hindi-English Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.15722/) (2023)
- [Explain Thyself Bully: Sentiment Aided Cyberbullying Detection with Explanation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.09023/) (2024)
- [IndicSafe: A Benchmark for Evaluating Multilingual LLM Safety in South Asia](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.17915/) (2026)
- [IIITG-ADBU@HASOC-Dravidian-CodeMix-FIRE2020: Offensive Content Detection in Code-Mixed Dravidian Text](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.14336/) (2021)
- [SexWEs: Domain-Aware Word Embeddings via Cross-lingual Semantic Specialisation for Chinese Sexism Detection in Social Media](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.08447/) (2022)
- [EdgeAIGuard: Agentic LLMs for Minor Protection in Digital Spaces](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.00092/) (2025)
- [Cyberbullying Detection in Hinglish Text Using MURIL and Explainable AI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.16066/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This paper reports an increment to the state-of-the-art in hate speech detection for English-Hindi code-mixed tweets. We compare three typical deep learning models using domain-specific embeddings. On experimenting with a benchmark dataset of English-Hindi code-mixed tweets, we observe that using domain-specific embeddings results in an improved representation of target groups, and an improved F-score.