# Convergence of the Deep BSDE Method for Coupled FBSDEs

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.01165 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1811.01165/

## Key facts

- Cited by 43 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 3 Nov 2018.

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 43)

- [Interpolating between BSDEs and PINNs: deep learning for elliptic and parabolic boundary value problems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.03749/) (2021)
- [Deep Learning for Mean Field Games and Mean Field Control with Applications to Finance](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.04568/) (2021)
- [Reproducing Activation Function for Deep Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.04844/) (2021)
- [Learning High-Dimensional McKean-Vlasov Forward-Backward Stochastic Differential Equations with General Distribution Dependence](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.11924/) (2022)
- [Solving PDEs on Unknown Manifolds with Machine Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.06682/) (2021)
- [Convergence of a robust deep FBSDE method for stochastic control](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.06854/) (2022)
- [Full error analysis of the random deep splitting method for nonlinear parabolic PDEs and PIDEs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.05192/) (2024)
- [Conditionally Elicitable Dynamic Risk Measures for Deep Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.14666/) (2022)
- [Convergence of the Backward Deep BSDE Method with Applications to Optimal Stopping Problems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.04118/) (2022)
- [Deep Signature Algorithm for Multi-dimensional Path-Dependent Options](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.11691/) (2022)
- [Deep learning numerical methods for high-dimensional fully nonlinear PIDEs and coupled FBSDEs with jumps](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.12895/) (2023)
- [Deep Neural Network Algorithms for Parabolic PIDEs and Applications in Insurance Mathematics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.11403/) (2021)
- [Approximating Discontinuous Nash Equilibrial Values of Two-Player General-Sum Differential Games](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.01773/) (2022)
- [Score-based Generative Modeling Through Backward Stochastic Differential Equations: Inversion and Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.13224/) (2023)
- [From continuous-time formulations to discretization schemes: tensor trains and robust regression for BSDEs and parabolic PDEs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.15496/) (2023)
- [A brief review of the Deep BSDE method for solving high-dimensional partial differential equations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.17032/) (2025)
- [A backward differential deep learning-based algorithm for solving high-dimensional nonlinear backward stochastic differential equations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.08456/) (2024)
- [FBSJNN: A Theoretically Interpretable and Efficiently Deep Learning method for Solving Partial Integro-Differential Equations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.11010/) (2024)
- [Value Approximation for Two-Player General-Sum Differential Games with State Constraints](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.16520/) (2023)
- [Pontryagin Neural Operator for Solving Parametric General-Sum Differential Games](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.01502/) (2024)
- [Multilevel Picard approximations and deep neural networks with ReLU, leaky ReLU, and softplus activation overcome the curse of dimensionality when approximating semilinear parabolic partial differential equations in Lp-sense](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.20431/) (2024)
- [Integration Matters for Learning PDEs with Backward SDEs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.01078/) (2025)
- [A deep learning method for solving stochastic optimal control problems driven by fully-coupled FBSDEs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.05796/) (2022)
- [Continuous-Time Value Iteration for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.09135/) (2025)
- [A novel control method for solving high-dimensional Hamiltonian systems through deep neural networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.02636/) (2021)
- [Uncertainty quantification for deep learning-based schemes for solving high-dimensional backward stochastic differential equations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.03393/) (2023)
- [A deep solver for backward stochastic Volterra integral equations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.18297/) (2025)
- [Nonlinear filtering based on density approximation and deep BSDE prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.10630/) (2025)
- [Learn and Verify: A Framework for Rigorous Verification of Physics-Informed Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.19818/) (2026)
- [Deep Generative Modeling with Backward Stochastic Differential Equations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.04049/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The recently proposed numerical algorithm, deep BSDE method, has shown remarkable performance in solving high-dimensional forward-backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs) and parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs). This article lays a theoretical foundation for the deep BSDE method in the general case of coupled FBSDEs. In particular, a posteriori error estimation of the solution is provided and it is proved that the error converges to zero given the universal approximation capability of neural networks. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the analyzed algorithm in solving high-dimensional coupled FBSDEs.
