# Encryption-then-Compression Systems using Grayscale-based Image Encryption for JPEG Images

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.00236 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1811.00236/

## Key facts

- Cited by 34 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 1 Nov 2018.

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 34)

- [An Overview of Compressible and Learnable Image Transformation with Secret Key and Its Applications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.11006/) (2022)
- [Privacy-Preserving Image Classification Using Isotropic Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.07707/) (2022)
- [A Protection Method of Trained CNN Model with Secret Key from Unauthorized Access](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.14756/) (2021)
- [Image and Model Transformation with Secret Key for Vision Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.05366/) (2022)
- [Piracy-Resistant DNN Watermarking by Block-Wise Image Transformation with Secret Key](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.04241/) (2021)
- [Privacy-Preserving Image Classification Using Vision Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.12041/) (2022)
- [A Protection Method of Trained CNN Model Using Feature Maps Transformed With Secret Key From Unauthorized Access](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.00224/) (2021)
- [Access Control Using Spatially Invariant Permutation of Feature Maps for Semantic Segmentation Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.01332/) (2021)
- [Block shuffling learning for Deepfake Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.02819/) (2022)
- [On the Transferability of Adversarial Examples between Encrypted Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.02997/) (2022)
- [Generative Model-Based Attack on Learnable Image Encryption for Privacy-Preserving Deep Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.05036/) (2023)
- [Privacy-Preserving Remote Heart Rate Estimation from Facial Videos](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.01141/) (2023)
- [PPIDSG: A Privacy-Preserving Image Distribution Sharing Scheme with GAN in Federated Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.10380/) (2023)
- [Fake-image detection with Robust Hashing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.01313/) (2021)
- [Access Control of Semantic Segmentation Models Using Encrypted Feature Maps](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.05422/) (2022)
- [Device-Bind Key-Storageless Hardware AI Model IP Protection: A PUF and Permute-Diffusion Encryption-Enabled Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.11133/) (2022)
- [Efficient Fine-Tuning with Domain Adaptation for Privacy-Preserving Vision Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.05126/) (2024)
- [A Random Ensemble of Encrypted Vision Transformers for Adversarially Robust Defense](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.07183/) (2024)
- [Multitask Identity-Aware Image Steganography via Minimax Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.05819/) (2021)
- [Color-NeuraCrypt: Privacy-Preserving Color-Image Classification Using Extended Random Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.04875/) (2023)
- [StyleGAN Encoder-Based Attack for Block Scrambled Face Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.07953/) (2022)
- [Access Control with Encrypted Feature Maps for Object Detection Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.14831/) (2022)
- [Domain Adaptation for Efficiently Fine-tuning Vision Transformer with Encrypted Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.02556/) (2023)
- [Privacy-Preserving Deep Learning Using Deformable Operators for Secure Task Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.05828/) (2024)
- [Protecting Semantic Segmentation Models by Using Block-wise Image Encryption with Secret Key from Unauthorized Access](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.09362/) (2021)
- [A Privacy-Preserving Image Retrieval Scheme Using A Codebook Generated From Independent Plain-Image Dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.01841/) (2021)
- [Protection of SVM Model with Secret Key from Unauthorized Access](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.08927/) (2021)
- [A Pixel-based Encryption Method for Privacy-Preserving Deep Learning Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.16780/) (2022)
- [Privacy-Preserving Image Classification Using ConvMixer with Adaptive Permutation Matrix](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.02556/) (2022)
- [On the Adversarial Transferability of ConvMixer Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.08724/) (2022)

## Abstract (arXiv)

A block scrambling-based encryption scheme is presented to enhance the security of Encryption-then-Compression (EtC) systems with JPEG compression, which allow us to securely transmit images through an untrusted channel provider, such as social network service providers. The proposed scheme enables the use of a smaller block size and a larger number of blocks than the conventional scheme. Images encrypted using the proposed scheme include less color information due to the use of grayscale images even when the original image has three color channels. These features enhance security against various attacks such as jigsaw puzzle solver and brute-force attacks. In an experiment, the security against jigsaw puzzle solver attacks is evaluated. Encrypted images were uploaded to and then downloaded from Facebook and Twitter, and the results demonstrated that the proposed scheme is effective for EtC systems.