# Distributed Mixed Voltage Angle and Frequency Droop Control of Microgrid Interconnections with Loss of Distribution-PMU Measurements

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.09132 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.09132/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 22 Oct 2018.

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Learning Dissipative Neural Dynamical Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.16032/) (2023)
- [Distributed Learning of Neural Lyapunov Functions for Large-Scale Networked Dissipative Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.07731/) (2022)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Recent advances in distribution-level phasor measurement unit (D-PMU) technology have enabled the use of voltage phase angle measurements for direct load sharing control in distribution-level microgrid interconnections with high penetration of renewable distributed energy resources (DERs). In particular, D-PMU enabled voltage angle droop control has the potential to enhance stability and transient performance in such microgrid interconnections. However, these angle droop control designs are vulnerable to D-PMU angle measurement losses that frequently occur due to the unavailability of a GPS signal for synchronization. In the event of such measurement losses, angle droop controlled microgrid interconnections may suffer from poor performance and potentially lose stability. In this paper, we propose a novel distributed mixed voltage angle and frequency droop control (D-MAFD) framework to improve the reliability of angle droop controlled microgrid interconnections. In this framework, when the D-PMU phase angle measurement is lost at a microgrid, conventional frequency droop control is temporarily used for primary control in place of angle droop control to guarantee stability. We model the microgrid interconnection with this primary control architecture as a nonlinear switched system and design distributed secondary controllers to guarantee transient stability of the network. Further, we incorporate performance specifications such as robustness to generation-load mismatch and network topology changes in the distributed control design. We demonstrate the performance of this control framework by simulation on a test 123-feeder distribution network.