# When Human cognitive modeling meets PINs: User-independent inter-keystroke timing attacks

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.07665 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.07665/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 17 Oct 2018.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Hand Me Your PIN! Inferring ATM PINs of Users Typing with a Covered Hand](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.08113/) (2021)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This paper proposes the first user-independent inter-keystroke timing attacks on PINs. Our attack method is based on an inter-keystroke timing dictionary built from a human cognitive model whose parameters can be determined by a small amount of training data on any users (not necessarily the target victims). Our attacks can thus be potentially launched on a large scale in real-world settings. We investigate inter-keystroke timing attacks in different online attack settings and evaluate their performance on PINs at different strength levels. Our experimental results show that the proposed attack performs significantly better than random guessing attacks. We further demonstrate that our attacks pose a serious threat to real-world applications and propose various ways to mitigate the threat.